When the system boots the init starts the getty processes.Getty processes read the /etc/gettydefs file, and uses the information to setup terminal charastics and the login prompt.
When it detects a request to login, it prompts the user for a username. It then starts up the login process and passes it the username.
The login process reads the /etc/passwd file to see if a password is necessary for that username, if it is it then prompts the user for a password, which it then varifies. If it is correct match, it set some environment variables, and then starts up the shell program that is associated with that username.
The shell,(csh ksh) then reads its configuration file and setup then checks if a password is necessary for that username. If it is, it then prompts the user for a password.
SHELLS AND THEIR INIT FILES
KSH-SOLARIS
Now executing /etc/profile
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin/X11:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/java/java/bin
export PATH
MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/local/man:/usr/share/man
export MANPATH
Executing ~/.profile
Executed at login time.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:.
export PATH
Note, this shell appears to only execute the start up files on login.
all sub-process shells inherit their path and environment from the
parrent process. (from the /etc/profile and ~/.profile)
CSH-SOLARIS
Now executing /etc/.login
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
set path=(/usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin/X11 /usr/ucb /usr/local/java/java/bin)
set manpath=(/usr/man /usr/local/man)
Now executing ~/.cshrc
Executed at login time and when ever a shell is started up or spauned.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
set path=($path $HOME/bin .)
Now executing ~/.login
Executed at login time.
Users should add any environment variables or recodes the want to exist in their
interactive environment in this file.
an example of one would be as follows:
setenv EDITOR emacs
BSH-SOLARIS
Now executing /etc/profile
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin/X11:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/java/java/bin
export PATH
MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/local/man:/usr/share/man
export MANPATH
Now executing ~/.bash_profile
Executed at login time.
User defined pathing and variables.
This file checkes for the existance of ~/.bashrc and sources it,
if it exists. (~/.bashrc is where the pathing should be added for
local users stuff.)
Local environmental variables should be added to this files.
Now Executing ~/.bashrc
Executed at login and when new shell is started up.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:.
export PATH
TCSH-SOLARIS
Now executing /etc/.login
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
set path=(/usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin/X11 /usr/ucb /usr/local/java/java/bin)
set manpath=(/usr/man /usr/local/man)
Now executing ~/.cshrc
Executed at login time and when ever a shell is started up or spauned.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
set path=($path $HOME/bin .)
Now executing ~/.login
Executed at login time.
Users should add any environment variables or recodes the want to exist in their
interactive environment in this file.
an example of one would be as follows:
setenv EDITOR emacs
LINUX.CS.SONOMA.EDU
KSH-LINUX
Now executing /etc/profile
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/scripts:/usr/local/java/bin
export PATH
Executing ~/.profile
Executed at login time.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:.
export PATH
Note, this shell appears to only execute the start up files on login.
all sub-process shells inherit their path and environment from the
parrent process. (from the /etc/profile and ~/.profile)
CSH-LINUX
Now executing /etc/csh.cshrc
Executed at login time and any time a shell is initialized
System wide file.
Should include pathing.
The bare minimum path.
setenv PATH "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/scripts:/usr/local/java/bin"
Now executing /etc/csh.login
Executed at login only.
System wide file.
Should include basic environment variables and interactive pathing
The bare minimum would be:
setenv MANPATH "/usr/man:/usr/local/man"
setenv EDITOR emacs
Now executing ~/.cshrc
Executed at login time and when ever a shell is started up or spauned.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
set path=($path $HOME/bin .)
Now executing ~/.login
Executed at login time.
Users should add any environment variables or recodes the want to exist in their
interactive environment in this file.
an example of one would be as follows:
setenv EDITOR emacs
BASH-LINUX
Now executing /etc/profile
Executed at login time.
System wide profile.
Should include pathing and basic shell variable values.
The bare minimum path.
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/scripts:/usr/local/java/bin
export PATH
Now executing ~/.bash_profile
Executed at login time.
User defined pathing and variables.
This file checkes for the existance of ~/.bashrc and sources it,
if it exists. (~/.bashrc is where the pathing should be added for
local users stuff.)
Local environmental variables should be added to this files.
Now Executing ~/.bashrc
Executed at login and when new shell is started up.
User defined pathing and variables.
If the user want to add local pathing, it should be something like the
following:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:.
export PATH
TCSH-LINUX
Now executing /etc/csh.cshrc
Now executing /etc/csh.login
Now executing ~/.cshrc
Sourcing SSU standard files
Now executing /usr/local/lib/ssu.cshrc
Now executing /usr/local/lib/ssu.alias
Sourcing users aliases files standard files
Now executing ~/.alias
Now executing ~/.login
Now executing /usr/local/lib/ssu.login
FROM THE MAN PAGES
SHELL=/bin/bash - on ZIPPY.CS.SONOMA.EDU
/etc/profile
The systemwide initialization file, executed for login
shells
~/.bash_profile
The personal initialization file, executed for login
shells
~/.bashrc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
~/.inputrc
Individual readline initialization file
SHELL=/bin/csh - on ZIPPY.CS.SONOMA.EDU
/etc/.login.
When the shell executes a shell script that attempts to exe-
cute a non-existent command interpreter, the shell returns
an erroneous diagnostic message that the shell script file
does not exist.
~/.cshrc Read at beginning of execution by each
shell.
~/.login Read by login shells after .cshrc at
login.
~/.logout Read by login shells at logout.
~/.history Saved history for use at next login.
/etc/.login.
When the shell executes a shell script that attempts to exe-
cute a non-existent command interpreter, the shell returns
an erroneous diagnostic message that the shell script file
does not exist.
SHELL=/bin/ksh - ZIPPY.CS.SONOMA.ED
/etc/profile
/etc/suid_profile
$HOME/.profile
/tmp/sh*
/dev/null
SHELL=/bin/tcsh - ZIPPY.CS.SONOMA.EDU
/etc/csh.cshrc Read first by every shell. ConvexOS, Stel-
lix and Intel use /etc/cshrc and NeXTs use
/etc/cshrc.std. A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX
have no equivalent in csh(1), but read this
file in tcsh anyway. Solaris 2.x does not
have it either, but tcsh reads /etc/.cshrc.
(+)
/etc/csh.login Read by login shells after /etc/csh.cshrc.
ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use /etc/login,
NeXTs use /etc/login.std, Solaris 2.x uses
/etc/.login and A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX
use /etc/cshrc.
~/.tcshrc (+) Read by every shell after /etc/csh.cshrc or
its equivalent.
~/.cshrc Read by every shell, if ~/.tcshrc doesn't
exist, after /etc/csh.cshrc or its
equivalent. This manual uses `~/.tcshrc' to
mean `~/.tcshrc or, if ~/.tcshrc is not
found, ~/.cshrc'.
~/.login Read by login shells after ~/.tcshrc or
~/.history. The shell may be compiled to
read ~/.login before instead of after
~/.tcshrc and ~/.history; see the version
shell variable.
~/.cshdirs (+) Read by login shells after ~/.login if
savedirs is set, but see also dirsfile.
/etc/csh.logout Read by login shells at logout. ConvexOS,
Stellix and Intel use /etc/logout and NeXTs
use /etc/logout.std. A/UX, AMIX, Cray and
IRIX have no equivalent in csh(1), but read
this file in tcsh anyway. Solaris 2.x does
not have it either, but tcsh reads
/etc/.cshrc. (+)
~/.logout Read by login shells at logout after
/etc/csh.logout or its equivalent.
SHELL=/bin/bash - on LINUX.CS.SONOMA.EDU
/etc/profile
The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
~/.bash_profile
The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
~/.bashrc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
~/.inputrc
Individual readline initialization file
To look at the environment variable from the command line, use the following
commands for sh, ksh, or bash:set
the output should look like this
for csh and tcsh use the printenv or setenv commands, the output should look
like this:
When you run a command such as ls -al /bin the shell actually calles an exec command to overlay the command program over the shell. If for example you run the command such as "ps -fej". The shell actually runs the command exec("/bin/ps","ps","-fej","NULL"); This caused the command ps to run over the top of your active shell.
The basic environment is initialized to:
HOME=your-login-directory
LOGNAME=your-login-name
PATH=/usr/bin:
SHELL=last-field-of-passwd-entry
MAIL=/var/mail/your-login-name
TZ=timezone-specification
For Bourne shell and Korn shell logins, the shell executes
/etc/profile and $HOME/.profile, if it exists. For C shell
logins, the shell executes /etc/.login, $HOME/.cshrc, and
$HOME/.login. The default /etc/profile and /etc/.login
files check quotas (see quota(1M)), print /etc/motd, and
check for mail. None of the messages are printed if the
file $HOME/.hushlogin exists. The name of the command
interpreter is set to - (dash), followed by the last com-
ponent of the interpreter's path name, for example, -sh.
If the login-shell field in the password file (see
passwd(4)) is empty, then the default command interpreter,
/usr/bin/sh, is used. If this field is * (asterisk), then
the named directory becomes the root directory. At that
point login is re-executed at the new level, which must have
its own root structure.
The environment may be expanded or modified by supplying
additional arguments to login, either at execution time or
when login requests your login name. The arguments may take
either the form xxx or xxx=yyy. Arguments without an equal
SunOS 5.5.1 Last change: 21 Dec 1995 2
FILES
$HOME/.cshrc initial commands for each csh
$HOME/.hushlogin suppresses login messages
$HOME/.login user's login commands for csh
$HOME/.profile user's login commands for sh and ksh
$HOME/.rhosts private list of trusted
hostname/username combinations
/etc/.login system-wide csh login commands
/etc/logindevperm login-based device permissions
/etc/motd message-of-the-day
/etc/nologin message displayed to users attempting to
login during machine shutdown
/etc/passwd password file
/etc/profile system-wide sh and ksh login commands
/etc/shadow list of users' encrypted passwords
/usr/bin/sh user's default command interpreter
/var/adm/lastlog time of last login
/var/adm/loginlog record of failed login attempts
/var/adm/utmp accounting
/var/adm/wtmp accounting
/var/mail/your-name mailbox for user your-name
/etc/default/login Default value can be set for the follow-
ing flags in /etc/default/login. For
example: TIMEZONE=EST5EDT
TIMEZONE Sets the TZ environment
variable of the shell
(see environ(5)).
HZ Sets the HZ environment
variable of the shell.
ULIMIT Sets the file size limit
for the login. Units are
disk blocks. Default is
zero (no limit).
CONSOLE If set, root can login on
that device only. This
will not prevent execu-
tion of remote commands
with rsh(1). Comment out
this line to allow login
by root.
PASSREQ Determines if login
requires a password.
ALTSHELL Determines if login
should set the SHELL
environment variable.
PATH Sets the initial shell
PATH variable.
SunOS 5.5.1 Last change: 21 Dec 1995 4
login(1) User Commands login(1)
SUPATH Sets the initial shell
PATH variable for root.
TIMEOUT Sets the number of
seconds (between 0 and
900) to wait before aban-
doning a login session.
UMASK Sets the initial shell
file creation mode mask.
See umask(1).
SYSLOG Determines whether the
syslog(3) LOG_AUTH facil-
ity should be used to log
all root logins at level
LOG_NOTICE and multiple
failed login attempts at
LOG_CRIT.
SLEEPTIME If present sets the
number of seconds to wait
before login failure is
printed to the screen and
another login attempt is
allowed. Default is 4
seconds; Minimum is 0
seconds. Maximum is 5
seconds.